Age is the most significant factor in assessing osteoporosis risk. Bone density naturally decreases after age 30.

Women have a higher risk of osteoporosis, especially after menopause due to decreased estrogen levels.

Caucasian and Asian women have higher osteoporosis risk than other ethnic groups.

Early menopause (before age 45) or surgical menopause significantly increases osteoporosis risk.

Having a parent who fractured their hip increases your osteoporosis risk significantly.

Previous low-trauma fractures are strong indicators of decreased bone density and future fracture risk.

Low body weight (BMI < 19) is a significant risk factor. Higher body weight provides some protection against osteoporosis.

Smoking reduces bone density and impairs bone healing. Even past smoking increases fracture risk.

Excessive alcohol consumption (>2 drinks/day) interferes with bone formation and increases fracture risk.

Several medications can affect bone health. Corticosteroids are particularly harmful to bone density.

Certain medical conditions can accelerate bone loss or interfere with calcium absorption.

Weight-bearing and resistance exercises are crucial for building and maintaining bone density.

Adults need 1000-1200mg calcium and 600-800 IU vitamin D daily. Inadequate intake increases fracture risk.

Previous falls are strong predictors of future falls and fractures, especially in older adults.